Formation Stage
Agarwood, also known as oud or aloeswood, is formed within the heartwood of Aquilaria trees, native to several Southeast Asian countries. The process of agarwood formation typically begins when these trees are infected with a specific type of mold (Phialophora parasitica), or when they experience natural wounds. In response to this attack or injury, the tree secretes resin as a defense mechanism, leading to the formation of agarwood within the affected areas.
Harvesting Stage
Once the resin has permeated the heartwood and transformed it into agarwood, the trees are carefully harvested. The extraction process requires precision to ensure minimal damage to the wood and to maintain the quality of the agarwood. Aquilaria trees are usually cut down, and the infected parts containing agarwood are meticulously separated from the unaffected wood.
Processing Stage
The extracted agarwood undergoes a meticulous processing phase. Initially, it is left to naturally dry, after which it is carefully cut, chiseled, or shaved into smaller pieces or chips. These pieces are then subjected to various methods, including sun-drying, fermentation, or soaking in water. This process helps in further enhancing the aroma and quality of the agarwood.
Grading and Aging
Following processing, the agarwood chips are graded based on their quality, aroma, resin content, and overall appearance. Higher quality agarwood chips, often characterized by a darker hue and a richer scent, are considered more valuable. Additionally, agarwood is sometimes aged for several years to intensify its aroma and increase its value.
Final Products
Agarwood is utilized in various forms, including chips, powder, oil, or resin. These forms are further used in the production of incense sticks, perfumes, essential oils, and traditional medicines. The distinct and complex fragrance of agarwood, often described as woody, earthy, and slightly sweet, makes it highly sought after in the fragrance and medicinal industries.
The production process of agarwood requires patience, expertise, and a deep understanding of the tree's natural response to external factors, resulting in the creation of a highly prized and aromatic substance.